Homologating a school certificate in Spain: ESO and Bachiller
School certificate homologation in Spain: when it is needed, homologación or convalidación, fees of 0, €24.88 or €49.76, the volante, PAU and FP.
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244 articles · Sources checked in September and October 2026
A blog about moving
and living in Spain.
Practical articles on residence, work, family and documents. Start with your own goal and then move on to the details.
Articles based on official sources: BOE, ministries, Generalitat. No individual legal review has been carried out.
Property · new section
Buying in Barcelona:
questions worth asking
20 buyer guides and 10 neighbourhood reviews. How to choose a representative, compare flats, prepare questions before the arras and draw up a budget.
244 articlesLinks to primary sources in every article
Articles
How to find a sworn translator in Barcelona
Finding a sworn translator in Barcelona: search the Foreign Ministry's official list by language, check the number and stamp, quote, format and ordering.
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Russian driving licence in Spain: no exchange, how to get a Spanish one
Russian licence in Spain: no exchange, 6 months after residence starts, fines up to €500, DGT exams for €94.05, theory language and Barcelona prep.
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Ukrainian driving licence exchange in Spain: DGT and temporary protection
Ukrainian licence exchange in Spain: A and B with no exams, €28.87 fee, no translation under temporary protection, after 6 months, DGT Barcelona steps.
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Schengen for Russians in 2026: single-entry visas and residence plans
Schengen for Russians in 2026: who keeps multiple-entry visas under the decision of 6 November 2025 and the effect on Spanish residence and the DNV.
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Documents for a Spanish student visa: the short version
Spanish student visa documents: enrolment and payment, IPREM-based funds, insurance, criminal record and medical certificates, legalisation, translation.
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Spanish Consulate: Where to Apply from Russia and the CIS
A Spanish consulate takes applications by where you legally live. Which one covers Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine, how to book, what to bring.
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Arraigo in plain words: what it is and who can apply
Arraigo in Spain: what it is, the five types, who can apply, required residence and what the permit gives, per the Reglamento as amended in 2026.
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Ukrainians in Spain: how to switch from temporary protection to residency
Since 16 April 2026, holders of temporary protection in Spain can apply for arraigo and the DNV. What has changed, what is unclear, when a visa is needed.
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Official sources on Spanish residence permits: where to check the rules
Official sources on Spanish residence permits: BOE, Ministry of Inclusion, UGE, police, consulates. Where to look and how to read versions at 02.10.2026.
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Spanish residence permit for Belarusians: routes, consulate, documents
Spanish residency for Belarusians: the usual routes, Moscow consulate and Minsk visa centre, apostilled certificates, social security for employees.
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Proof of income for a Spanish residence permit: what UGE accepts
UGE publishes no list of Russian forms. It wants payslips or invoices, a bank letter and an employer's letter. Which Russian documents cover each.
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Spanish residence permits for Russians in 2026: which routes work
Spanish residency for Russians in 2026: which routes the law provides, where to apply, what differs for Russian citizens and which paths do not work.
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Spanish visa from Kazakhstan: how to apply for a national visa
Kazakh citizens apply for a national visa at the Spanish Embassy in Astana by appointment; visa centres in Astana and Almaty take Schengen and study visas.
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Moving belongings to Spain: customs, taxes and importing a car
Moving belongings to Spain on changing residence: no duty or IVA (12 months outside the EU, 6 months' ownership), importing and registering a car.
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Temporary protection for Ukrainians in Spain: key questions
Temporary protection in Spain is extended until 4 March 2028. Who qualifies, how to apply, what changed on 31 July 2026 and what happens when it ends.
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Bringing pets to Spain: 2026 rules for dogs and cats
Bringing pets to Spain from Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan or Ukraine: microchip, rabies jab, antibody titre test, health certificate, entry via a PEV.
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Can Belarusians get a residence permit in Spain?
Belarusians get Spanish residency on the general routes. The Minsk centre accepts visa papers, and an expired passport is accepted only within Spain.
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Catalan in Barcelona: do you need it for daily life and residence?
Do you need Catalan in Barcelona? Not for residence or paperwork: the law guarantees Spanish. Learning at CPNL, 2026-2027 prices, Generalitat certificates.
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Apostille on Russian documents for Spain: is it required?
Russian official documents for Spain need an apostille, not consular legalisation. Who issues the apostille in Russia and what to do about translation.
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Exchanging a driving licence in Spain: licences from Russia and the CIS
Non-EU licences are valid for six months after you become resident. Countries with a convenio (not Russia, Belarus or Kazakhstan), steps and exams.
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Where Russians apply for a Spanish visa: consulate or BLS
Russians file a Spanish Schengen visa at the consulate's visa centre, as do some national visas since 1 June 2026. Which consulate covers your region.
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Spain D visa in 2026: national visa types, where to apply and what to do after entry
Spain's national D visa in 2026: how it differs from a Schengen visa, which types exist, where Russians apply and what to do after entry.
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Tarjeta sanitaria in Catalonia: how to get your health card
Catalan tarjeta sanitaria (TSI): padrón needed, documents, online or at a CAP. Who qualifies, options without Seguridad Social, the convenio especial.
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Single-entry Schengen visas for Russians: what it means for Spain
Decision C(2025) 7552: Russians in Russia get multiple-entry Schengen visas only as close relatives or transport workers. What it means for Spain.
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Tax calendar for autónomos and SLs: what to file and when
Tax calendar for autónomos and SLs: modelos 303, 130, 111, 390, 347, 200, 202, deadlines by month, RETA, annual filings, mistakes and the weekend rule.
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Can Russian Citizens Get a Spanish Residence Permit in 2026?
Russians can get Spanish residency on general grounds, with no special regime. What differs: consulate visa, Schengen, documents. Checked 02.10.2026.
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SL Taxes in Spain: Corporate Income Tax and IVA
SL taxes in Spain: Impuesto sobre Sociedades rates for 2026, tax breaks for a new SL, IVA at 21/10/4%, pagos fraccionados, deadlines and dividend tax.
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AEAT and ATC: How the Spanish and Catalan Tax Agencies Differ
AEAT and ATC: who collects IRPF and modelo 210, who runs ITP and inheritance and gift tax, where Barcelona residents file modelos 100, 600, 650 and 651.
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Spain startup visa: requirements, ENISA report and how to apply
The startup visa is the entrepreneur residence under Ley 14/2013: requirements, ENISA report, timing, fee, and how it differs from DNV and cuenta propia.
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Emergency numbers in Catalonia: 112 and other key numbers
112 in Catalonia: free, 24/7 and in Russian through an interpreter. How it differs from 061, 091, 062 and 092, and when you should not call 112.
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How to set up an SL in Spain as a non-resident: steps and costs
Setting up an SL in Spain as a non-resident: NIE, name at the registry, escritura, capital from €1, official costs as of 2 October 2026 and mistakes.
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OAC Barcelona: what it is, appointments and services without cita previa
The OAC (Oficina d'Atenció Ciutadana) handles padrón, volant and documents for Barcelona City Council. What needs no appointment, what needs cita previa.
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Cuota autónomo 2026: contribution table and calculation by income
What an autónomo pays in 2026: €205.88 to €1,606.88 a month, 15 income brackets, a 31.5% rate, changing your base and the year-end adjustment.
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T-usual in Barcelona: what it is, 2026 prices and how to get one
T-usual is a personal 30-day ATM pass with unlimited journeys. 2026 prices by zone, getting a T-mobilitat card and how it differs from T-casual and T-jove.
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Registering as an autónomo in Spain: step-by-step process
Autónomo registration: right to work, NIE, tax alta (modelo 036) and RETA alta via Importass. Order, deadlines, mistakes and points for foreign nationals.
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Barcelona neighbourhoods for families: what to look at
Barcelona for families: 10 districtes, school zones by address, transport and Ajuntament data. No rankings or prices, only checkable reference points.
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Living in Barcelona for Russian speakers: districts, costs, transport and first steps
Living in Barcelona for Russian speakers: rent in 10 districts, the 2026 T-usual travel card, climate, the padró and the health card. Official data only.
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Schools in Barcelona for families who have just moved: types and how to enrol
Schools in Barcelona for families who have just moved: public, concertada, private, international, mid-year enrolment, language and the 2026-2027 calendar.
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Housing for your first weeks in Barcelona: options and documents
Tourist accommodation, a temporary let for relocation, a room or staying with friends: documents, deposit and padrón registration for each option.
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Which offices accept residence permit documents in Barcelona
Where to file residence documents in Barcelona: DNV online only with the UGE, Extranjería at Passeig de Sant Joan and Murcia, NIE and TIE at the Policía.
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Connecting Electricity and Internet in Barcelona: Documents and Timelines
How to connect electricity, water, gas and internet in Barcelona: cédula de habitabilidad, CUPS, documents, tenancy rights, who pays and padrón needs.
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UGE and extranjería deadlines: a timeline for every stage
Spanish residence deadlines: 20 days for UGE, 10 for a requerimiento, 1 month for alzada, 2 months for court, renewal and TIE. Table with legal sources.
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Property Purchase Taxes in Catalonia: ITP, IVA and AJD
Taxes on buying a flat in Catalonia: ITP at 10-13% on resale homes, IVA at 10% and AJD at 1.5% on new builds, 20% for large owners, modelo 600.
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Do you need an apostille for Spain? How to tell
Do you need an apostille for Spain: document type, issuing country and exceptions. What gets apostilled and how it differs from legalisation.
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Nota simple and arras: what to check before paying a deposit
What a nota simple shows and does not guarantee, the types of arras in Catalonia, and what to check and put in the contract before paying a deposit.
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Buying property in Spain as a non-resident: the process in Catalonia
How to buy property in Spain as a non-resident: NIE, property checks, arras, notary, ITP or IVA, the investment declaration and registration of title.
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Fianza in Catalonia: how much the rental deposit is and how to get it back
The fianza in Catalonia is one month's rent, lodged with Incasòl within two months and refunded by the landlord. Interest and what to do if it is kept.
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How to get a social security number in Spain (NUSS)
Getting a NUSS: online via Import@ss or with form TA.1 at the TGSS. Documents needed, who requests the number when you are hired and the 45-day time limit.
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Rental contracts in Catalonia: what to check before signing
What to check in a residential lease in Catalonia: term under the LAU, the Barcelona rent cap, mandatory annexes, fianza, costs and temporary lets.
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How to pay tax online through the AEAT website
Paying AEAT tax online: direct debit, card, Bizum, transfer from abroad. What the NRC is, Cl@ve or a certificate, and how to recover a lost NRC.
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How to rent a flat in Barcelona: searching, viewings and scams
How to rent a flat in Barcelona: how to search, what a listing should include, viewings, checking the owner, the deposit with Incasòl and signs of a scam.
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How to choose a gestor and what to ask before signing
How to choose a gestor in Spain: colegio membership, contract and quote, insurance, what a gestor may not and should not promise. Questions before signing.
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Renting or buying a flat in Barcelona: how to decide
Renting or buying a flat in Barcelona: 10% ITP, or nine monthly rents per €100,000, rent caps, mortgages, residence permits and the risk of rule changes.
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How to prove income for the UGE: which documents are accepted
Income for the UGE is proven with three months of payslips or invoices and a bank statement in your name. What counts, what must match, how to fix gaps.
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Renting in Barcelona without a nómina: what to show instead
You can rent in Barcelona without a nómina: the law does not require a payslip. What to show instead, the LAU limits on deposits and mistakes to avoid.
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How to book an appointment with a family doctor in Catalonia
You need a TSI and an assigned CAP. Book through La Meva Salut, by phone or at the CAP desk; how to change doctor and how to see a specialist.
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Spanish bank fees: what banks charge for and what you can dispute
Spanish bank fees: account maintenance, transfers, cash machines and cards abroad. What the law limits, where to compare charges and what you can dispute.
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Volante de empadronamiento in Barcelona: how to get the certificate
Barcelona registration certificate (volante de empadronamiento): volant de residència vs de convivència, where to get it, what it costs and what you need.
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Credit History in Spain: How It Is Built and Where It Shows
Credit history in Spain: the Bank of Spain's CIRBE, default registers (ASNEF), bank checks, getting your report and history from Russia and the CIS.
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How to pay the modelo 790 fee online: codes 012, 052 and 038
Paying modelo 790 online: when it works with code 052 and for a UGE application, paying code 012 at a bank, what the NRC is and how to pick the right code.
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Mortgages in Spain for non-residents: conditions, stages and documents
Non-resident mortgages in Spain: what Ley 5/2019 decides and what the bank does, loan-to-value, steps from valuation to notary, costs and borrower rights.
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How to check your UGE application status: notifications, SMS and contacts
UGE application status: where notifications arrive, the SMS service by NIE and file number, UGE contacts and what to do after 20 days with no answer.
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Sending money to Spain from Russia and the CIS: what to consider
Sending money to Spain from Russia and the CIS: SEPA or international transfer, costs, bank checks on source of funds, cash declarations, EU sanctions.
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Residence Permit Consultation in Barcelona: Format and Fees
Residence permit consultation in Barcelona: first 15 minutes free, a full 45-minute session costs €121. How it works, what to prepare, what follows.
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How to open a Spanish bank account as a resident or non-resident
Opening a Spanish bank account as a resident or non-resident: documents, 15 days for the NIF, anti-money laundering checks, refusal, cuenta de pago básica.
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Cost of a residence permit application with support: the breakdown
Residence permit costs: consultation, case handling quote, state fees, translations and consular charges. What is paid separately and what is included.
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IVA and modelo 303 for freelancers and autónomos
IVA for freelancers in Spain: when to invoice with 21% and when not, modelo 303 deadlines (1-20 April, July, October, January), modelo 349 and mistakes.
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How many years to Spanish citizenship: 10, 5, 2 or 1 year
Spanish citizenship generally requires 10 years of legal residence. Who qualifies after 5, 2 or 1 year, and the exams and fee under the Código Civil.
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Dual citizenship of Spain and Russia: what the law says and how to keep a Russian passport
Spanish and Russian dual citizenship in 2026: renouncing the previous nationality, when Spanish nationality is lost, long-term residence instead.
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Inheritance and Gift Tax in Catalonia for Foreigners
Inheritance tax in Catalonia: who pays, which administration decides, the 7-32% scale, reductions by kinship, gifts, and the 6-month and 1-month deadlines.
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Wealth Tax in Catalonia: Who Pays and How It Is Calculated
Wealth tax in Catalonia: €500,000 exempt minimum, rates of 0.210% to 3.480%, who files modelo 714, deadlines and the contrast with the large fortunes tax.
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Non-Resident Tax on Rental Income in Spain: Modelo 210
Non-resident tax on Spanish rental income: modelo 210, 24% and 19% rates, base with no expenses, deadlines for rent and imputed income, filing and payment.
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Notary fees in Spain: what the buyer pays and how the arancel works
Notary fees when buying a home in Catalonia are paid by the buyer. How notary and registry aranceles are calculated, with figures for €200,000 to €500,000.
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Double taxation between Russia and Spain: how it works
How double taxation between Russia and Spain works: the 1998 Convention, Russia's suspension of some articles since 2023 and the article 80 LIRPF credit.
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Modelo 720: Declaration of Foreign Accounts and Assets
Modelo 720: who files, the €50,000 threshold across three asset groups, the 31 March deadline, penalties after Ley 5/2022 and the link to modelo 100.
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NIE processing time: what the law says and the appointment wait
By law, an NIE decision takes 5 days from filing, and silence means refusal. What the real wait involves and what to do, as of 02.10.2026.
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Your First Spanish Tax Return as a Resident: Preparing Modelo 100
Your first modelo 100 in Spain: who must file, access via Cl@ve or referencia, foreign income, the ECB exchange rate, the deadline and common mistakes.
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TIE cost in Spain: the modelo 790 código 012 fee by card type
TIE cost in 2026: the modelo 790 código 012 fee for a first card, a renewal and long-term residence. What is paid separately and where to pay the fee.
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IRPF for residents: rates, deductions and the filing deadline
IRPF rates in Spain for 2025: the state scale of 9.5% to 24.5% and the Catalan scale, deductions, filing thresholds and the deadline: 8 April to 30 June.
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Taxes in Spain for foreigners in 2026: residence, IRPF and the main returns
Taxes in Spain for foreigners: who becomes resident, IRPF rates in Catalonia, non-residents, the Beckham law, modelo 720, wealth tax and IVA.
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NIE cost in Spain: the €9.84 fee and other expenses
NIE cost on application: a €9.84 fee via modelo 790 código 012 (Orden PJC/617/2025). What it excludes, who does not pay separately, waiting times.
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Spanish Tax Residency: 183 Days and the Centre of Interests
Spanish tax residency: 183+ days or centre of interests, how days are counted, family, dual residency, permits and whether DNV holders need 183 days.
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Bringing Cash into Spain: How Much You Can Carry and When to Declare
Cash on entry to Spain: there is no upper limit, but from €10,000 per person a written E-1 or S-1 declaration is required. Fines start at €600.
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Lost or stolen TIE: how to replace it in Spain
Lost TIE in Spain: form EX-17, fee 790-012, apply in person, a new card for the remaining period, travel on an autorización de regreso and theft reports.
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Do you need a Spanish bank account to apply for residence?
Do you need a Spanish account for residence: no lucrativa, DNV, study. What Real Decreto 1155/2024 and Ley 14/2013 say and when you need one after moving.
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Certificado de antecedentes penales: Spanish criminal record online
Order the certificado de antecedentes penales online from Spain's Ministry of Justice via Cl@ve for €3.86. Steps, timing, apostille and common mistakes.
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Do you need a lawyer for a Spanish residence permit?
The law does not require a lawyer to apply for residence: apply yourself or via a representative. When a lawyer is mandatory (court) and when useful.
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Documents for a Spanish residence permit: checklist by route and timing
Spanish residence permit documents by route (DNV, no lucrativa, study, work, family) and type: 2 or 5-year criminal record, apostille, translation, timing.
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Do you need Spanish for a residence permit in Spain? Where it is required
Spanish is not needed for DNV, no lucrativa, study or work permits. It is tested for citizenship (DELE A2, CCSE) and counts indirectly for arraigo.
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Appealing a residence refusal in Spain: reposición, alzada and court
Appealing a residence refusal: alzada, reposición and court, deadlines under Ley 39/2015 and Ley 29/1998, how to count a month and where to file.
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Studying on a no lucrativa permit: can you study without work rights?
Studying on no lucrativa: can you study without work rights, how it differs from a student estancia, internships, the 183 days and funds.
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Cl@ve in Spain: how to get it and log in to Mi Carpeta Ciudadana
Cl@ve in Spain for foreigners: levels, NIE registration, Mi Carpeta Ciudadana, DEHú and extranjería notices. What Cl@ve opens and what needs a certificate.
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Changing your residence permit type in Spain without leaving the country
Change your Spanish residence permit type without leaving: from no lucrativa or study to work, the new permit's term and which statuses cannot switch.
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Applying to the UGE online: residence applications via sede electrónica
UGE online: Ley 14/2013 cases via the Ministry of Inclusion sede, others via Mercurio. Access, the 790-038 fee, steps and open questions after July 2026.
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Tourist rentals in Catalonia: do you need a licence?
Tourist rentals in Catalonia: municipal licence, NIRTC number, stays up to 31 days, Barcelona licences ending in 2028, end of the national register.
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Apostille on diplomas and certificates for Spain: how to get one
Apostille on diplomas and marriage and birth certificates for a Spanish residence permit: who issues it in Russia, translation, steps and exceptions.
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Can you buy property in Spain without a residence permit?
You can buy a home without residency, but you need an NIE. How to get one, when it is declared (over €500,000) and why it no longer gives residence.
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Criminal record certificate from Russia for Spanish residency: apostille
Criminal record certificate for Spanish residency: order via Gosuslugi (GIAC MVD), MVD apostille, sworn translation, 5-year declaration. Steps and timing.
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Can you open a bank account in Spain without an NIE?
Bank account in Spain without an NIE: what article 28 of Real Decreto 1065/2007 allows, 15 days for the NIF, why banks still ask for an NIE and what to do.
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Getting an NIE in Barcelona: Step by Step, Documents and Fee
NIE in Barcelona: form EX-15, modelo 790 code 012 fee, cita previa, a 5-day decision, silence means refusal. Steps for applicants in Spain and abroad.
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Remote work in Spain without a visa: the risks and the legal options
Remote work in Spain without a visa: foreigners need a work authorisation. The risks without one and which statuses allow work for a Russian firm.
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Proof of residence for arraigo: how to prove 2 years in Spain
Documents that prove two years of residence for arraigo: padrón, medical records, bank, rental, tickets. How to build a timeline and avoid mistakes.
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90 days in Spain without a residence permit: the Schengen 90/180 rule
Without a residence permit you can stay in Spain 90 days in any 180 across Schengen. Counting days, the prórroga, overstay fines. Checked 02.10.2026.
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How to get an informe de integración social in Catalonia
Informe de integración social in Catalonia: when needed, who issues it (Generalitat), applying via the Ajuntament, documents, timing, validity and cost.
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Public or private healthcare in Catalonia
Public and private healthcare in Catalonia: who is entitled to CatSalut, how to get a tarjeta sanitaria and when private insurance is needed for a visa.
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Arraigo familiar in Spain: requirements, documents and how to apply
Arraigo familiar for parents of a minor citizen of another EU state: requirements, vs a Spaniard's family, documents, fee, steps and mistakes.
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Online bank or traditional bank in Spain
Online account or traditional bank in Spain: credit and payment institutions, deposit guarantee, limits, cash, RETA and how to check a licence.
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Arraigo in Spain 2026: how many years you need to live there
How long you must live in Spain for arraigo in 2026: two years in a row, a 90-day limit on absences, which periods do not count and how to prove the time.
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Renting a Room or a Flat in Barcelona: Which to Choose
Room or whole flat: how contracts differ under the LAU and Catalan Law 11/2025, deposit, term, the Barcelona rent cap and the risks of subletting.
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Divorce in Spain and a foreign spouse's residence permit: what to check
Your residence permit after divorce in Spain: grounds, 6-month deadlines, marriages of three years or more, children, custody, violence. A checklist.
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New build or resale property in Spain: what is different
New build: 10% IVA and 1.5% AJD, guarantees of 1, 3 and 10 years. Resale: ITP from 10% and six months of seller liability. Taxes in Catalonia.
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Having a baby in Spain: documents, registration and residence permit
A child born in Spain: Registro Civil registration, documents, names and surnames, nationality under article 17 of the Código Civil, residence permit.
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Autónomo or employee: which to choose as a foreigner in Spain
Employee or autónomo: how cuenta ajena and cuenta propia differ, which permit a foreigner needs, timelines, renewal and switching between regimes.
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Marriage or pareja de hecho: what each means for residence permits
Marriage vs pareja de hecho when applying for a partner's residence permit: registry or 12 months together, Catalonia, resident, EU citizen and DNV routes.
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Getting married in Spain as a foreigner: process and documents
How to marry in Spain when one or both partners are foreign: acta and expediente, three routes, documents, ceremony, inscripción and the link to residence.
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Resident or non-resident: taxes in Spain and the key differences
Residents pay IRPF on worldwide income, non-residents pay IRNR only on Spanish income: article 9 criteria, 24% and 19% rates, modelo 100, 210 and 720.
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Family reunification with parents in Spain: conditions and limits
Reagrupación of parents requires long-term residence, parents over 65 who depend on you, means and housing. Spanish and EU citizens follow other rules.
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Fixed or variable mortgage rate in Spain
Fixed, variable and mixed mortgages in Spain: Euribor, the FEIN and FiAE documents, and the limits on early repayment fees under Ley 5/2019.
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Family reunification in Spain for a spouse: steps and conditions
Spouse reunification under RD 1155/2024: requirements for the resident, income, housing, how to apply, visas, TIE and timelines at each stage.
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Seasonal rental in Barcelona vs a long-term lease: the difference
Seasonal rentals in Barcelona: since 2026 Catalonia looks at the purpose of the contract, not its length. How a long-term lease differs, deposit, rent cap.
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Proof of funds for a Spanish student visa: what to show and how
How much money a Spanish student visa needs: 100% of IPREM per month, 75% and 50% for family members, what does not count and how to get the bank letter.
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Spain or Portugal for digital nomads: DNV and D8 compared
Spain or Portugal for digital nomads: DNV and D8 compared on income, documents, duration and procedure as of 2 October 2026, with no verdict on which wins.
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Degree homologation in Spain: procedure, timescales and documents
Degree homologation in Spain: how it differs from equivalencia, documents, the €166.50 fee, up to 6 months, silence means refusal, and extra courses.
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Master's Degree in Spain for Foreigners: Steps and Documents
Master's in Spain for foreigners: is diploma homologation needed, what universities ask for, apostille and translation, and the link to the student visa.
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Studying in Spain for Russians: how to get in, what it costs and which visa you need
Studying in Spain with a Russian school certificate: UNEDasiss, master's without homologation, 2026-2027 fees in Catalonia and the study stay permit.
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Autónomo or SL: which one to choose
Autónomo or SL: liability, taxes, Seguridad Social contributions and reporting. A table comparing both forms, and where the choice depends on your figures.
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Spanish student visa: how to apply step by step
Spanish student visa: apply at the consulate 2 months before the course, documents, decision times, TIE and applying from Spain. Under RD 1155/2024.
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Residence permit or Spanish citizenship: what is the difference
A residence permit lets you live in Spain; citizenship is granted by the Minister of Justice, usually after 10 years. Timelines, exams, rights and loss.
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Salary in Spain: how to work out gross, net and 14 payments
Gross and net pay on a nómina, 12 or 14 payments, employee Seguridad Social contributions in 2026, IRPF withholding and an indicative formula.
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Spain minimum wage in 2026: how much it is and what it affects
Spain minimum wage in 2026: €1,221 a month in 14 payments, €17,094 a year. Part-time work, domestic workers and what the SMI means for residence permits.
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Pension in Spain for foreigners: age, contributions, amounts and work in Russia or Ukraine
Pension in Spain for foreigners: 2026 age and contributions, minimum amounts, credit for Russian and Ukrainian work, non-contributory pension, tax and applying.
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Temporary vs long-term residence in Spain: differences and loss of status
Temporary residence (residencia temporal) lasts under five years; long-term residence (larga duración) is indefinite after five years of legal residence.
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What a Spanish residence permit gives you in 2026: rights, limits and the route to long-term residence
What a Spanish residence permit gives: living and working, Schengen travel, family, school, healthcare, the route to long-term residence. And what it does not.
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Employment contracts in Spain: what to check before signing
Spanish job contract: fixed-term or permanent, convenio colectivo, probation, gross pay and payments, holidays, dismissal. What foreigners should check.
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Apostille for Spain: what it is and when you need one
Apostille for Spain: what the 1961 Hague Convention stamp certifies, when it is needed and the status of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan (HCCH).
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Jobs in Barcelona for Russian speakers: where to look and what you need
Jobs in Barcelona for Russian speakers: SOC, SEPE and EURES, who has the right to work, what to check in a contract and how to avoid intermediaries.
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What ICAB is and what a lawyer's bar number means
ICAB is the Barcelona Bar Association. What número de colegiado means, ejerciente versus no ejerciente, and how to check a lawyer before a consultation.
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ICT visa for Spain: intra-company transfer and requirements
ICT visa for Spain: who qualifies (manager, specialist, trainee), article 73 Ley 14/2013, documents, 10 and 20-day timelines, family, EU mobility.
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Gestor or abogado: the difference and who to choose for your paperwork
Gestor administrativo, graduado social and abogado: what each may do by law, who can represent you before authorities and in court, checking the colegio.
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EU Blue Card in Spain: requirements, salary and duration
EU Blue Card in Spain: degree or experience, the 2026 salary threshold, UGE decision in 20 days, 3-year validity, job loss, mobility and family.
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What IBAN and SEPA are and how they work in Spain
IBAN is an international account number, 24 characters in Spain. SEPA is the euro payments area. IBAN structure, transfer times, errors and IBAN refusals.
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How to hire a foreign worker in Spain: steps for employers
Hiring a foreign worker in Spain: the employer's application in Catalonia, labour market situation, documents, 3-month timeline, visa, alta and TIE.
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What is a nota simple and how to order it online
A nota simple is a Registro de la Propiedad extract on owner, mortgages and attachments. What it shows, how to order it online and what it costs.
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No lucrativa refusal: common reasons and how to appeal
No lucrativa refusals under the Reglamento: funds, insurance, documents, criminal record. Reading the decision and deadlines for reposición and court.
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Comunidad de propietarios: what it is and what the fees cover
A comunidad de propietarios is the association of flat owners in a building. What the fees cover, who decides and which debts a new owner is liable for.
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No lucrativa for families: income for a spouse and children
No lucrativa with family: funds needed for a spouse and children (100% IPREM each), who counts as family, school, health insurance and the 183 days.
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Escritura and notario in Spain: what they are and why you need a notary
An escritura pública is a notarial deed for registering rights. What a notario in Spain checks, whether it is mandatory and how to sign it without Spanish.
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Can You Work on No Lucrativa? Restrictions and the Legal Route
Can you work on no lucrativa? No, and that includes remote work. What counts as work, what the risks are and how to move to a work permit after one year.
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What are ITP and AJD when buying property
ITP and AJD are two parts of a single tax on property transactions. When ITP applies, when IVA and AJD apply instead, the rates in Catalonia and who pays.
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Applying for no lucrativa at the consulate: steps, documents, timelines
No lucrativa at the consulate step by step: appointment, documents, requerimiento, decision time, visa collection, TIE within a month, and refusals.
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What are IBI and plusvalía municipal
IBI is the annual municipal property tax; plusvalía is a one-off tax on the rise in land value on a transfer. Who pays, how it is worked out, Barcelona.
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Spanish residence for retirees: no lucrativa and passive income
Spanish residence for retirees under no lucrativa: 400% IPREM a month, what counts as regular income, health insurance, renewal and tax residence.
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What is modelo 210 and who must file it
Modelo 210 is the non-resident income tax (IRNR) return on Spanish income without a permanent establishment: who files, 24% and 19% rates, 2026 deadlines.
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Late residence permit renewal in Spain: what to do and the fines
Late renewal of a Spanish residence permit: what to do under or over three months, fines under LO 4/2000 and the effect on long-term residence.
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What is modelo 149 and who files it
Modelo 149 notifies the tax agency that you opt for the Beckham Law regime (Article 93 Ley 35/2006): who it suits, 6-month deadline, 24% and 47% rates.
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Absence from Spain on a residence permit: 183 days and long-term status
How long you can be away from Spain on a residence permit: 183 days for no lucrativa, 6 and 10 months for long-term residence, DNV and work rules.
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CCSE and DELE A2 exams for Spanish citizenship: what to sit
CCSE and DELE A2 for Spanish citizenship: format, pass mark, 2026 and 2027 dates, exemptions, the CCSE fee and a preparation plan.
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What is IVA in Spain and what rates apply
IVA (Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido) is Spanish VAT: rates of 21%, 10%, 4% and 0%, what is taxed or exempt, who files modelo 303 and by when.
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Spanish citizenship for Russians: timescales, exams and application
Spanish citizenship by residence for Russians: ten years of legal residence, DELE A2 and CCSE, applying, up to a year for a decision, the fee and the oath.
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What is IRPF and who pays it
IRPF is Spain's personal income tax for individuals: who pays it, what income is taxed, how the scale works and when modelo 100 is filed.
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Long-term residence in Spain: how the five years are counted
Long-term residence in Spain: five years of legal, continuous residence. Which periods and absences count, how study and DNV years apply, when to apply.
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NUSS in Spain: what the social security number is
NUSS is your Seguridad Social number, needed to work, claim benefits and get a health card. How it differs from the NIE, how to get it and find it.
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Documents for renewing a Spanish residence permit: checklist by route
Documents to renew Spanish residence by route: no lucrativa, work, self-employment, family, study and DNV. EX forms, apostille and what the office checks.
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What are RETA and alta in Seguridad Social
RETA is the Seguridad Social scheme for the self-employed; alta means joining it. Who must register, how and when to file, what changes for foreigners.
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Renewing a Spanish residence permit: 2 months before, 3 after
When to renew a Spanish residence permit: two months before expiry and three after, what applying on time gives you, counting the date, students and DNV.
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Ley 14/2013: what this law is and how it relates to the DNV
Ley 14/2013 supports entrepreneurs and internationalisation. Which articles govern the DNV, who issues permits and how it differs from the Reglamento.
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Renewing a residence permit in Spain: the general process and stages
Renewing Spanish residence under the Reglamento: 2 months before expiry or 3 after, a 3-month decision period, terms after renewal and how the DNV differs.
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Real Decreto 1155/2024: what it is and what changed in 2026
Real Decreto 1155/2024 is the new Reglamento de extranjería, in force since 20.05.2025. What changed, 2026 amendments, what the Tribunal Supremo annulled.
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Which Spanish residence permit to choose for remote work: comparison
Remote work and Spanish residency: DNV, no lucrativa, study, work, arraigo and family routes compared by right to work, duration and place of application.
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How much money you need for a Spanish residence permit in 2026: every threshold in one table
How much money you need for a Spanish residence permit in 2026: digital nomad visa, non-lucrative, studies, family reunification, long-term. Amounts per BOE.
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Desistimiento and caducidad in extranjería: meaning and deadlines
Desistimiento: withdrawal of an application, including after a missed requerimiento. Caducidad: a closed procedure or expired permit. Deadlines, effects.
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Spanish nomad visa from Kazakhstan and CIS countries: where to apply
Spanish nomad visa from Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia and Georgia: which consulate accepts it, Schengen, apostille, income and documents. As of 02.10.2026.
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Spain digital nomad visa from Turkey: where to apply and what you need
Spain digital nomad visa for residents of Turkey: consulate in Istanbul or embassy in Ankara, NIE, ikamet, income from 2,849 € a month, documents.
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What is a prórroga de estancia
A prórroga de estancia is an exceptional extension of a short stay in Spain. Two types, the three-month limit, documents, the fee and residence permits.
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Spanish digital nomad visa refusal: recurso and deadlines
DNV refusal: alzada 1 month, court 2 months, reposición 1 month for a consulate. Grounds for refusal under the law and what to do in the first days.
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Sede electrónica: what it is and how to submit documents through it
A sede electrónica is a public body's official site for applications and notices. Which ones a foreigner needs, how to log in and how deadlines run.
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TIE after digital nomad approval: your first 30 days with the DNV
TIE after digital nomad approval: when the card is required and how soon to book it. First 30 days with the DNV: alta, empadronamiento, bank, modelo 149.
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What is modelo 790 and where to pay the fee
Modelo 790 is the self-assessment form for immigration fees. What codes 052, 062, 012 and 038 mean, who pays, where to pay and what the amounts are.
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Employer letter for the digital nomad visa: template and contents
Employer letter for the digital nomad visa: what the UGE and the consulate require, a list of points and a template with blanks for company details.
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Extranjería and UGE: the difference and who is responsible for what
Extranjería and UGE: how an oficina de extranjería differs from the Inclusion Ministry unit, who handles the DNV and the general regime, and timelines.
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Digital Nomad Taxes in Spain: IRPF, the Beckham Law and Russia
Digital nomad taxes in Spain depend on residence, not the visa: IRPF and modelo 100, the Beckham Law, IRNR for non-residents and the treaty with Russia.
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NIF and NIE: what the difference is and what a NIF is
NIF and NIE differ in purpose, not digits: the NIF is a tax number and for a foreigner it matches the NIE. When an M NIF is needed and how to get a NIE.
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Nomad vs autónomo in Spain: DNV or cuenta propia
Nomad vs autónomo in Spain: DNV and cuenta propia compared on timeframes, clients, income, application and renewal. Which permit suits a freelancer.
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How much income a family of three needs for the DNV
Income for a family of three on the DNV: 300% of the SMI gross, made up of 200% for the applicant plus 75% and 25% for family members. Table and documents.
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Renewing Spanish digital nomad residence: what UGE checks
Renewing digital nomad residence: two years by law, online filing with UGE, from 60 days before to 90 after, what to prepare and what is not published.
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Digital nomad residence for your family in Spain: who qualifies
Who counts as family for the DNV: spouse, unmarried partner, children, those over 18 and parents. Family income, documents, fee and right to work.
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What international teleworking means under Ley 14/2013
International teleworking under Ley 14/2013: definition, requirements, visa and permit, who handles it, articles 74 bis to 76 and where the DNV comes from.
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Spanish Consulate in Moscow: applying for a digital nomad visa
Spanish Consulate in Moscow: digital nomad visa by appointment via cog.moscu.citas@maec.es, document list, apostille for Russians, timing and recurso.
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Digital nomad visa: does a Russian IP or self-employed status qualify
For the DNV the law looks at a commercial contract of at least three months with a foreign company, invoices and a bank letter, not IP or NPD status.
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Health insurance for a Spanish residence permit: UGE rules and refusals
Digital nomad permit insurance: insurer authorised in Spain, SNS-level cover, no copago or carencias. What gets rejected and how to check a policy.
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Changing employer on a DNV: what to report to UGE and when
You can change employer on a DNV if the new employer is foreign and the permit conditions are still met. The change must be reported to UGE within 30 days.
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UGE requerimiento for digital nomads: what to add and how to respond
A UGE requerimiento on a DNV: 10 working days as a general rule, desistimiento if you stay silent. What they ask for, how to respond and the 20-day period.
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Switching from the digital nomad visa to another Spanish residence permit
How to switch from the Spanish digital nomad visa (DNV) to another residence permit: employment, autónomo, highly qualified, long-term residence after 5 years.
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From the digital nomad visa to permanent residence and Spanish citizenship: the whole route by year
After the Spain digital nomad visa: permit up to 3 years, renewal for 2, permanent residence after 5 years, citizenship after 10. Deadlines, absences, changing grounds.
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How long the DNV is issued for: 1 year or 3 years
A consular DNV visa lasts up to 1 year, a permit from Spain up to 3 years and a renewal 2 years. When the term is shorter and how visa and permit connect.
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Beckham Law in Spain: who gets the 24% rate and how to file modelo 149
Beckham Law (régimen de impatriados, art. 93 LIRPF): 24% up to €600,000 for six years. Who qualifies, the DNV case, conditions and modelo 149 within 6 months.
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Government fees for the DNV: UGE, TIE and the visa
DNV fees: form 790 code 038 at the UGE for the initial permit, plus the TIE and the consular visa fee. When and where to pay, and how it works with family.
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The 20% rule for Spanish clients on the DNV: how to calculate it
The DNV 20% rule: Spanish clients are measured against all professional activity. How to calculate the share, what is undefined, what if you exceed it.
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Do you need a degree for the DNV? Degree or three years of experience
A degree is not mandatory for the DNV: article 74 bis of Ley 14/2013 accepts three years of experience. How to prove it and regulated professions.
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A1 certificate for digital nomads in Spain: what replaces it on the DNV
The A1 applies only in the EU, EEA and Switzerland. On the DNV an employee needs the employer's Seguridad Social registration or a treaty certificado.
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Digital nomad visa and Spanish clients: working for a Spanish company
Spanish clients on the DNV: employees cannot have a Spanish employer, while the self-employed may take Spanish clients for up to 20% of their activity.
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Spanish digital nomad residence for Russian citizens: the 2026 process
Digital nomad residence for Russians: visa in Moscow or St Petersburg, apostille, income in euros, bank and single-entry Schengen. As of 02.10.2026.
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Silencio positivo in Spain: how it works for residence permits
Silencio positivo: an application is deemed approved if the authority does not reply. Where it applies in immigration (DNV, renewals) and where not.
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Applying for digital nomad residence from Spain on a tourist visa
You can apply for nomad residence from Spain while here legally: a UGE application extends your stay until a decision, no prórroga needed. Risks and steps.
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How long UGE takes to decide a DNV application: 20 days and longer
UGE must decide a DNV application in 20 days, or silencio positivo applies. What suspends the deadline, how to count days and what to do if it is silent.
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Income required for Spanish digital nomad residence in 2026
Where 200% of the SMI for digital nomad residence comes from, how to count 14 payments and the annual base, gross vs net, family income and a new SMI.
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What is the UGE in Spain and what does it do
The UGE is the Spanish ministry unit handling Ley 14/2013 residence permits, digital nomads included. What it issues, how to apply, what it does not do.
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Spanish residency: where to start and how to choose your route
Start with where you are now, what you will do in Spain and who is coming with you. Routes by situation, documents, calendar and mistakes for 2026.
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NIE and TIE: the difference and how they relate to your residence permit
NIE is a number, TIE is a card, and the residence permit is the authority’s decision. How they differ, who issues them, in what order they come and what people mix up most often.
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Moving to Barcelona: a step-by-step plan, documents and the first weeks
Moving to Barcelona in three stages (before applying, before arrival, after arrival): documents, housing, empadronamiento, TIE and the first weeks.
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Living in Spain in 2026: pros, cons and prices, using Barcelona as an example
Living in Spain in 2026, using Barcelona as an example: pros and cons, rent and purchase prices, healthcare, schools, taxes, language and red tape.
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Moving to Spain from Russia in 2026: step-by-step plan, documents and costs
Moving to Spain from Russia in 2026: which permit to choose, where to apply, documents, how much money you need, long-term residence and citizenship.
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Applying for residence from Spain or through a consulate: which route
Applying for residence from Spain or via a consulate: which routes are consulate-only, which run from Spain, legal stay and online filing in 2026.
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Autorización de regreso: can you travel while renewing your permit?
Autorización de regreso lets you leave Spain and return while your permit is being renewed or your card replaced. Validity, fee, form EX-13 and limits.
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No lucrativa in Spain: requirements, documents and how to apply
No lucrativa is a residence permit with no right to work: 400% IPREM a month in funds, health insurance, clean criminal record. Steps and mistakes.
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How Much Money You Need for No Lucrativa: Calculation and Proof
Money needed for no lucrativa in 2026: 400% of IPREM for the applicant and 100% per family member. A calculation table and the documents that prove funds.
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Health Insurance for a Spanish Residence Permit: What Is Required
Health insurance for a Spanish residence permit: rules for no lucrativa, study, DNV and family, how to check a policy and when you do not need one.
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Renewing a no lucrativa permit: deadlines, documents and checks
No lucrativa renewal: apply in the 2 months before expiry, decision within 3 months, silence means approval. Documents, the 183 days and financial means.
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No Lucrativa or Digital Nomad Visa: Which to Choose in Spain
No lucrativa or Digital Nomad: if you work, the only choice is the DNV. A comparison table on work, money, timelines, family and social security.
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Digital Nomad in Spain: residence requirements for remote work
Digital Nomad (DNV) in Spain: requirements, income of 200% of the SMI gross, documents, visa or permit from Spain, timelines and family. What UGE checks.
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Digital nomad visa for employees: required documents
DNV for employees: what your employer must do, the remote work letter, a contract of 3 months or more, income and Seguridad Social. A step-by-step plan.
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Digital nomad residence for freelancers: contracts and documents
How a freelancer gets digital nomad residence in Spain: contract with a foreign client, invoices, income, owning a company, alta in RETA, the 20% share.
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Family on the digital nomad visa in Spain: procedure, income and deadlines
How to bring your family on the digital nomad visa in Spain: who qualifies, family income, applying together or later, each person’s documents, the right to work and risks.
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Digital nomad in Spain: social security and Seguridad Social
What to settle with Seguridad Social before a digital nomad application: employee alta, RETA for the self-employed, home-country document, insurance.
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Work and residence permit in Spain: what the employer does
The employer applies first; you then get the visa and register with Seguridad Social. Conditions, timelines, first-year limits and common refusals.
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Cuenta propia in Spain: residence for self-employment and your own business
Cuenta propia residence in Spain: project requirements, memoria, licences, applying via the consulate, timeframes, alta in RETA and the four-year renewal.
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Highly qualified professional residence in Spain: requirements
EU Blue Card and the national permit for highly qualified professionals: 2026 salary thresholds, applying through the UGE, duration and family members.
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Spanish entrepreneur visa or cuenta propia: which to choose
Spanish entrepreneur visa (emprendedor) or cuenta propia: who needs an ENISA report, how timelines and renewal differ, and how to choose for your project.
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Student estancia in Spain: eligible programmes and what to check
Student estancia in Spain: which programmes qualify, how it differs from residence, what about work, family and renewal, and what to check before you pay.
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Language course visa for Spain: conditions and limits
Which schools and course formats qualify, how estancia differs from student residence, and the rules on renewal, work and applying from within Spain.
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Can students work in Spain? The 30-hour limit and conditions
Can students work in Spain: who has an automatic right to work, what the 30-hour limit means, how work is arranged, and what about internships and family.
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Renewing a student visa in Spain: deadlines and documents
Renewing a student visa (estancia) in Spain: when to apply, what to prove, how many times it can be extended and how to travel while it is processed.
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Residence after studying in Spain: work, job search and changing status
Residence after studying in Spain: switching a student estancia to employment or self-employment, 24 months to find work, DNV, deadlines and family.
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Family of a student in Spain: estancia for a spouse and children
A student's family in Spain: who can come under article 56 of the regulation, funds, insurance, deadlines, no right to work and life after studies.
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Family reunification in Spain: which route fits your family
Four routes depending on the status of the person the family joins: who can come, timelines and where to apply. A guide for Barcelona residents.
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Family of Spanish citizens: residence permit, documents and timelines
Residence for relatives of Spanish citizens under Articles 93-99: who qualifies, which documents, what the courts and RD 316/2026 changed, how to apply.
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Residence card for family of an EU citizen in Spain: EX-19 and documents
EU family member card in Spain: who qualifies for the tarjeta de familiar, applying with EX-19, documents and timescales, and what happens after divorce.
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Pareja de hecho in Catalonia: registering in Barcelona and residency
Pareja de hecho in Catalonia: how to form a pareja estable in Barcelona, the Generalitat register, documents, separation and the link to residency.
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Residence permit for a child in Spain: birth, relocation and documents
Which route applies to a child born in Spain, moving with parents or with a Spanish or EU parent: timelines, documents and a 2026 court ruling.
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CUE in Spain: EU citizen registration and form EX-18
The CUE is the certificado de registro de ciudadano de la UE: when you need it, on what grounds it is issued, getting it in Barcelona, the fee and family.
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Types of arraigo in Spain: five options and how to choose yours
Types of arraigo: segunda oportunidad, sociolaboral, social, socioformativo and familiar. Requirements, timelines, work rights and what changed in 2026.
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Spain's 2026 extraordinary regularisation: who it covered and what to do now
Spain 2026 extraordinary regularisation (RD 316/2026): who could apply by 30 June, what applicants got, and what to do now if you applied or missed it.
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Arraigo social in Spain: family ties, informe and financial means
Arraigo social in Spain: two routes (resident family or informe de integración), funds from 100% of IPREM, documents, application and mistakes. 2026 guide.
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Arraigo sociolaboral in Spain: contracts from 20 hours and work rights
Arraigo sociolaboral in Spain: contracts of 20 hours a week or more, SMI, employer requirements, documents and the right to work once admitted.
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Arraigo socioformativo in Spain: programmes, informe and 30 hours
Arraigo socioformativo in Spain: eligible programmes, informe de integración, application and enrolment deadlines, work up to 30 hours a week, renewal.
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Arraigo de segunda oportunidad: who qualifies after losing residence
Arraigo de segunda oportunidad in Spain: who qualifies if a permit was not renewed, what blocks it, documents, article 126(h) and how to apply in 2026.
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Empadronamiento in Barcelona: how to register at your address
Empadronamiento in Barcelona: who must register, three ways to apply, housing documents, what to do without a rental contract and when to update the padrón.
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TIE and huellas in Barcelona: getting your card after approval
TIE and huellas in Barcelona: when to request the card, which documents and fee you need, fingerprint versus collection appointments, and what to check.
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Cita previa at extranjería in Barcelona: which appointment to book
Cita previa at extranjería in Barcelona: which booking you need, Oficina de Extranjería versus Policía, who books it and what to do with no slots.
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Apostille and legalisation of documents for Spain: which to choose
Apostille or consular legalisation: how to choose for a document going to a Spanish authority, in what order to prepare it and when you need a review.
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Sworn translation for Spain: who does it and how much it costs
Sworn translation for Spain: who is authorised, how to check a translator in the Foreign Ministry register, what sets the price and what it must include.
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Criminal record certificate for Spanish residency: countries and periods
Which criminal record certificate Spanish residency needs: countries and years, apostille and translation, validity, and what if it shows a record.
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Certificado digital and representatives: applying for residence safely
How a foreigner gets an FNMT certificado digital, who files if you do not want to hand over the certificate, and how not to miss notifications.
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Tasas 790: how not to mix up Spanish government fees
Tasas 790 for immigration: codes 012, 052, 062 and 038, amounts from the official table, who pays and when, how to check the code and fix an error.
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How to check your expediente de extranjería: SMS, phone and sede
Check your expediente de extranjería by SMS to 651 714 610, by phone on 902 02 22 22 or via e-notifications, and what silence means in each procedure.
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Requerimiento from extranjería: how to respond to a request for documents
Requerimiento de subsanación on a residence application: days to reply by procedure, extending the deadline, drafting a reply and missing it.
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Residence permit refused in Spain: first steps and how to challenge it
Residence refused in Spain: reading the decision, recurso deadlines, your stay, when to reapply and when you need a lawyer. Procedure for 2026.
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Larga Duración in Spain (Permanent Residence): Two Statuses Compared
Larga duración in Spain: national vs larga duración-UE, the five-year rule, funds, insurance, absences, how to apply and how to avoid losing the status.
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Spain's golden visa is abolished: what works instead
Spain's Golden Visa ended on 3 April 2025 (Ley Orgánica 1/2025). What happens to permits already issued and which residence routes to choose instead.
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